Initially, Iraq ran the occupied territory under a puppet government known as the " Republic of Kuwait" before proceeding with an outright annexation in which Kuwaiti sovereign territory was split, with the " Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District" being carved out of the country's northern portion and the " Kuwait Governorate" covering the rest. On 2 August 1990, Iraq invaded neighboring Kuwait, and had fully occupied the country within two days. The coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: Operation Desert Shield, which marked the military buildup from August 1990 to January 1991 and Operation Desert Storm, which began with the aerial bombing campaign against Iraq on 17 January 1991 and came to a close with the American-led Liberation of Kuwait on 28 February 1991. The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.
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